Essay about Plato - 498 Words

Plato was a philosopher and educator in ancient Greece. He was one of the most important thinkers and writers in the history of Western culture. Plato was born in Athens into a family that was one of the oldest and most distinguished in the city. His father Ariston died when Plato was only a child. The name Plato was a nickname meaning broad shoulders. Platos real name was Aristocles. Plato had aspirations of becoming a politician, however these hopes were destroyed when his friend Socrates was sentenced to death in 299 B.C. Extremely hurt Plato left Athens and traveled for several years. In 387 B.C., Plato returned to Athens and founded a school of philosophy and science that became known as the Academy. Topics such as astronomy,†¦show more content†¦Plato was interested in how we can apply a single word or concept to many words or things. For example how can the word house be used for all the individual dwellings that are houses? Plato answered that various things can be c alled by the same name because they have something in common. He called this common factor the thing’s form or idea. Plato insisted that the forms differ greatly from the ordinary things that we see around us. Ordinary things change but their forms do not. A particular triangle may be altered in size or shape but the form of a triangle can never change. Plato concluded that forms exist neither in space or time. They can be known not only by the intellect but also by the senses. Because of their stability and perfection, the forms have greater reality than ordinary objects observed by the senses. Thus true knowledge is knowledge of the forms. In his most well known work, The Republic, Plato states that in his view, only in a good society can the good life be achieved. The Republic outlines Plato’s idea of a perfect or utopian society. He also identifies the four cardinal virtues that are required for a good society. These cardinal virtues are temperance or self-control, courage, wisdom, and justice. Without these virtues he believed that the good life could not be obtained. In The Republic Plato also discusses two different forms ofShow MoreRelatedPlato967 Words   |  4 Pageswould wish the best for a friend regardless of the friend’s usefulness to them or what pleasure he could attain. Having been raised to strive to attain these virtues, the need for a reason to do so becomes pointless. Another difference is that Plato believes that the best type of good is one that is desirable both in itself and for the sake of its results, while Aristotle says that if X is desired because it brings you to Y, then Y is ultimately better than X. Therefore, the highest good is oneRead MorePlato And Plato s Republic1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe ancient Greek Philosopher Plato had an interest in finding the ideal government. In Plato’s Republic, he discusses his ideas and views of how this ideal government would function. He believed that people are born into 3 different classes, with different responsibilities (Plato 415a). Only people in the â€Å"golden† class were fit to rule. The most effective of these rulers would be philosophers, as they have knowledge of the good of the whole (Plato 473d). This system seems too perfect for me. IRead MorePlato And Plato s The Apology1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmore interested in determining how the world worked and its origins/c osmology, as oppose to philosophers such as Plato And Socrates who focused more on ethics or morality. Plato’s conception of God and religion can be depicted in his literatures â€Å"Euthyphro† and â€Å"The Apology† which he expresses through his writings of Socrates in dialogue formation. While one may assume that both Plato and Socrates shared analogous notions of God and religion it is impossible to truly know given the Socratic problemRead MoreThe Republic By Plato Vs. Plato1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe Republic by Plato is an vision of an utopian society established through the character of Socrates. Many aspects of Plato’s society appears utopian; however, it can also be viewed dystopian as it is mere subjectiveness. Many of Plato’s arguments apply to current day society; for example, Donald Trump’s rise to power depicts democracy degenerating to despotism. Plato’s Republic is utopian in idealistic terms because the most qual ified individual is in charge of society who is able to extend hisRead MoreComparison Between Plato And Plato1101 Words   |  5 Pagesmorality is, how to create justice inside and outside society, the state of nature, equality, and the state of war. They distinguish how the people and government help create a well-oiled society. Comparing Plato to Rousseau, the beginning of philosophy to a more modern perspective. In Crito by Plato, Socrates continues a speech of the Laws of Athens by appealing to a social contract that exists between the Laws and the citizens. By living in Athens, one must abide by the Laws of Athens. Since SocratesRead MorePlato s Symposium, By Plato1273 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book,† Plato’s Symposium,† by Plato, who was a philosopher in Greece, he illustrates the dialectic discussion at a party at Agathon’s to celebrate his triumph of his first tragedy. In the Symposium; the guests Phaedrus, an Athenian aristocrat; Pausanias, the legal expert; Eryximachus, a physician; Aristophanes, eminent comic playwright; Agathon ,a tragic poet and host of the banquet; Socrates, eminent philosopher and Plato s teacher; and Alcibiades, a prominent Athenian statesman, oratorRead MorePlato1819 Words   |  8 Pageswinner of the North Award for the best paper in the 2012 Agora. Ben presented an earlier version of this paper at the ACTC Student Conference at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California, in March, 2011.) When reading the Apology and the Crito of Plato, one inevitably comes upon a seeming fundamental contradiction between the two dialogues. The Apology presents readers with a defiant Socrates who declares in his trial that, if acquitted on the condition that he never philosophize again, he wouldRead MorePlato Vs. Rhetoric : Plato And Rhetoric2524 Words   |  11 PagesPlato and Rhetoric Plato is one of the greatest philosophers in history. Often his words and sayings resonate to this day. But, considering all what Plato has done, what is most peculiar about him is his condemnation of poets and sophists. Plato is in a constant fight to see that the way of true philosophy replaces these false arts. But even much more interesting is that Plato goes even further, and condemns the use of rhetoric, the art of persuasion, as a whole. He not only does this adamantlyRead MoreEssay on Plato1158 Words   |  5 PagesPlato: The Life of Plato Plato was born around 427 BC, in Athens Greece to rich and politically involved family. Platos parents spared no expense in educating him; he was taught at the finest schools. He was taught by Socrates and defended Socrates when he was on trial. Plato traveled to Italy and may have even visited Egypt before founding The Academy. Plato also visited Sicily and instructed a young king there before returning to The Academy to teach for twenty years before his death in 347Read MorePlato Vs Aristotle Vs Plato1814 Words   |  8 PagesPlato and Aristotle had a considerable amount of differences in ideology given that Aristotle was Plato’s student for roughly two decades. Plato, a student of Socrates, opposed the idea of average citizens to participate in politics because he believed that political practice was skill or â€Å"technÄ“ that can only be achieved by a few people. He believed that â€Å"kings must be those among them who have proved best both in philosophy and where war is concerned.† (Republic, 491) and that these â€Å"philosopher

Different Themes in the Book Romeo and Juliet Essay Free Essays

By: Fatima Saleh Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, a play of two young lovers from opposing families is mainly based on the theme of love and hate. Love is presented right from the start. Shakespeare used the characters and imagery to portray infatuation love, shallow love, dutiful love, parental love and romantic love or young love. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Themes in the Book Romeo and Juliet Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is arguable one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays. This play is indeed relevant to a modern audience. Many teenage couples still experience being together and may still encounter the disapproval of their parents and friends and find it hard to be together. Shakespeare used the relationship of Romeo and Rosaline, Paris and Juliet to present infatuation and shallow love. In the beginning Romeo was terribly in love with Rosaline but the love is not returned which turns out Romeo unrequited love to Rosaline. Romeo: â€Å"Shut up his windows, lock fair daylight out and makes himself an artificial night. † (Act 1, scene 1, 134-135). The imagery made a depressed atmosphere, Shakespeare created a difference between light and dark, also portrayed the miserable and sorrowful feeling of Romeo. Same as Paris loved Juliet very much. â€Å"So will ye, I am sure, that you love me. † (Act 5, scene 1, 26) but Juliet didn’t love him back. Dutiful love is a major love that Shakespeare has presented throughout the play, especially in the Capulet family. â€Å"I’ll look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep will I end art mine eye than you consent gives strength to make it fly. † (Act 1, scene 3, 99-101) Juliet has always been faithful and dutiful to her parents but became independent after meeting Romeo. â€Å"Not proud you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant love. (Act 3, scene 5, 146-148) Shakespeare has presented dutiful love from Juliet’s words and sayings; he also contrasted the change of Juliet’s love to her parents before and after meeting Romeo. The fourth theme of love is Parental love it existed in the Montague family, When Romeo falls in love with Rosaline and starts feeling depressed, and his father Montague was so worried about him, so when he started to worry about Romeo’s behaviour he asked for Benvolio’s (his nephew) help . Montague’s conversation about his son’s sadness: Both myself and many other friend, But he, advisor to his own affections, Keeps it all to himself – I will not say how true, But to himself, so secret and so close, So far from sounding and discovery, Just like a flower bud bit by a worm jealous of its beauty, Before her can bloom and spread his sweet leaves to the air, Or dedicate his beauty to the sun. If we could figure, out why he is so unhappy, we would try to cure him with the same zeal. In this scene Montague is talking to his family, his using personification which is a figure of speech where a composer has given human qualities to an object or animal. (Just like a flower bud bit by a worm jealous of its beauty before her can bloom and spread his sweet leaves to the air, or dedicate his beauty to the sun. ) To figure out his son’s sadness. Parental love in the Capulet family, Capulet and Lady Capulet want their daughter to marry Paris â€Å"Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn the gallant. Young and noble gentleman†. Paris is accepted by Capulet and glad to marry Juliet but he doesn’t know that Juliet is married to Romeo secretly by Friar Lawrence. In this scene Shakespeare shows that Juliet’s family cares about her and they want her to get married and live happy life with the perfect guy. Young love and romantic love in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† shows the sweetness of love. They experience love at first sight after meeting at her father’s party. They did everything possible to be together. Romeo wishes he was a glove to touch her face, for that shows passionate love and the power of love that runs into them. Example of young love, Romeo says: â€Å"See, how she learns her cheek upon her hand! O that I were a glove upon that hand that I might touch that cheek. Shakespeare used metaphor in this quote because his saying that he wishes to be a glove to touch her cheek. Also; Juliet says: â€Å"what’s in a name? (What does a name mean) That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet† in this quote he used rhetorical question because Juliet is asking a question to begin a philosophical discussion about Romeo’s true nature, and her question is not supposed to be answered . These quotes show the open love, the unconditionally love between the two lovers â€Å"Romeo and Juliet. Young love is sweet because it allows all emotions to be set free and shows how one’s life becomes the centre of the others. This was seen in the play as Romeo gives up his live as Juliet does with hers, due to them not being able to be together. Young love is so intense that â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† are prepared to die for one another. They are passionately, tragically, courageously prepared to do anything for each other. That shows the power of true love between them. For example, when Juliet says: â€Å"†O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name. Or if thou will not, be but sworn my love. And I’ll no longer be a Capulet â€Å"Juliet is infatuated towards Romeo, and she will even change from what she is only to be with Romeo. Romeo is to be banished for killing Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin and he has to leave her â€Å"What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon that is already sick and pale with grief†. The moon usually symbolises light and opportunities, however, in Romeo’s wording, it seems to symbolise his internal feelings of him feeling â€Å"pale† and â€Å"grief† as he is drawn away from Juliet and cannot bear to be without her. Romeo despairs that he will never be with his true love again and feels that life is not worth living without her, which is clearly proven at the end when he takes up his life as he could not be with her. When Romeo says: â€Å"My only love sprung from my hate; Too early unknown and known too late. His only love became from his hated generation without him knowing at the beginning yet it was too late to change his feelings towards her. Young love risks danger and can end tragically. The quarrel between â€Å"Romeo and Juliet’s† families doesn’t permit the lovers to show their love publicly however their love is so strong that they are willing to risk danger to themselves and their families. They are willing t o go to such extremes to be together that tragedy’s their final end. Both Romeo and Juliet die tragically because of their passionate desire to be together. â€Å"Then weep no more. I’ll send to one in Mantua,  Where that same banished run agate doth live,  Shall give him such an unaccustomed dram, that he shall soon keep Tybalt company:† The above quote is from Act 3 Scene 5, where Lady Capulet confesses her hate for Romeo, as she thinks he’s the reason for her daughter’s grief. Young love doesn’t always end with happiness. This was seen in the final scene of the play, when both lovers committed suicide thinking that the other ones dead. In this case love might not have ended happily but it shows the passionate desire Romeo had for Juliet as she had for him. It also reinforces the risks both lovers were willing to take nowing that they wouldn’t be able to live a life together. Shall I believe that unsubstantial death? Is amorous and keeps thee here in dark, to be his paramour? For fear of that, I still will stay with thee. †The quote is from the final scene, and it explains Romeo’s young yet true love fo r Juliet. Although Romeos only true love was found dead, Romeo plans on never leaving Juliet as it’s just too much to risk and won’t be a life worth living without her. Thus proving the risks and dangers one’s willing to take in order to be with their one and only, and how one’s life becomes centred on the others to the point of self-harm. Lucky is the man who is the first love of a woman, but luckier is the woman who is the last love of a man. This is clearly seen in the play written by William Shakespeare, as the two main characters that the play is named after, Romeo and Juliet, share an infatuating young love that nothing other than death can break. Also, it shows the depth both lovers are willing to go and the risks and boundaries they are prepared to face in order to truly be together and celebrate their love. â€Å"For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo† How to cite Different Themes in the Book Romeo and Juliet Essay, Essay examples

Police Discretion When should the law be enforced free essay sample

Every single member of the police establishment is tasked to uphold and enforce the law (National Criminal Justice Reference Service). A large number of these people can be generally regarded as ethical and moral individuals (Austin Peay State University). But sadly, all of them are also burdened with the dipping confidence given them by the public and even lower trust ratings (Austin). Is this the result for the low regard for the ethics as practised by the police? Police officers and officials are expected by the public to conduct themselves in the highest levels of behavior (Tag Gleason, 2006). This task wrests on the concept that the police are the guardians of the law, empowered to apply such force as necessary to enforce the laws and withdraw the rights of individuals in conflict with the law as can be legally proven (Gleason, 2006). Along with the task of enforcing and upholding the law, there are powers given to the police that no one else can encumber themselves with in the performance of their duties. Among these powers that the public has entrusted in the police is the power to take the life of a person if need be and to apprehend erring individuals (Seumas Miller, John Blackler, and Andrew Alexandra, 2006). Police Discretion: A definition Before we discuss what police discretion is, let us seek to define the term discretion and the scope that the term encompasses. The term â€Å"discretion† can be defined as the authority to make policy and practice decisions (The World I, 2004). These powers, broad and all- encompassing as they may seem, must be seen as discretionary in a way (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). The qualification of the instance of the use of discretion on the part of the law enforcer must take into consideration several factors, inclusive of the type of offense committed and the possibility that the suspect will not hold himself accountable if summoned by the police (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). The instance for the need for police discretion by members of the law enforcement establishment displays the station of the police officer as a professional (John Kleinig, 1996). But in the area of police work, there is still a great amount of befuddlement about the need for the police to exercise this power of discretion and the need to restrain this power (Kleinig, 1996). This area of discretion, lest we forget to mention, also carries with it a choice of what laws are to be enforced and the method of application of these laws (World, 2004). Thus it can be said that the power of the police to exercise discretions will have a profound effect on the individuals that they come across with (World, 2004). The necessity of the policy of police discretion must be framed in that the full application of the laws and the large area of the coverage of the laws will create an unreasonable burden on the manpower capabilities of the police establishment (National). But even if these powers were to be exercised, they would still have to be subject to limitations and qualifications (Kleinig, 1996). Discretion must be considered as an important component of the duties of a public servant (Billy Thompson, 1999). The manner by which that discretion must be researched for a period of time as to manner-whether the orientation is a â€Å"service†, â€Å"watchman†, or a â€Å" legalistic†, or to the personality of the officer; an idealist, optimist , realist or enforcer type (Austin). Police Discretion: Shirking off responsibilities? But it must be accepted that a full and unequivocal enforcement of all statutes is considered to be impossible (Austin). The premise for the exercise of such power is that one individual has to be set free, in spite of the offense (Austin). There are sometimes factors, legal or â€Å"extralegal†, that determine whether the individual will be set free (Austin). Among the legal basis use in determining whether the person will be set free are the reasons that the person gives for committing the offense, the place and danger posed by the person when the offense was committed, and the severity of the crime in relation to the imposed law or standard (Austin). But, albeit considered illegal or extralegal, there are motivations that do seem unethical when these are given as the reasons that police use to consider the release of the person that violated the law. Among them is sexual interest or disinterest in the violator, the ethnic origin of the violator, and the person or identity of the truant (Austin). Aside from these factors, the determination of the ethical basis for the release of the offender is more convoluted (Austin). If we take into consideration the mindset that is prevalent in the police establishment, the possible reason that is considered by the officer in the exercise of that discretion is the respect that the person accords the person in uniform (Austin). Again, the idea that the practice of police discretion is unambiguous, even if the root from which the concept is taken is not (Kleinig, 1996). The term in the English language discretion† finds its roots in the Latin word discretio, which evokes a degree of separation or discernment (Kleinig, 1996). Therefore in this context the person who exercises discretion can be held as one possessing of sound and wise judgement in practical and interpersonal situations (Kleinig, 1996). If the police grapples with a difficult situation and brings about a satisfactory resolution, then the officer is said to have exercised good discretion (Kleinig, 1996). Just Enforcing the Law? But is the role of police just limited or set in the ambit of enforcing the law? Not so, argue some (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). Other responsibilities of the law enforcement establishment are the maintenance of the order in the society and to help in the protection of life (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). In the discussion earlier, the police must be given discretionary alternatives for them to be able to deal with situations especially when two interests collide (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). The state is tasked with the responsibility and duty to enact laws and make them known to the citizenry (Guillermina Seri). But the argument here is that the state must make the people aware of the punishment attached to the violation of the known laws of the state, and the other violent means of vengeance if the â€Å"unwritten† laws are broken (Seri). Once a police officer orders us to stop for a check, that officer is possessing absolute power when they are in the position of asking us to submit to them (Seri). The tendency of these instances when people come into contact law enforcers often leave the person exposed to the mercurial lines of the police and makes the boundary between the established, written laws and the unwritten statutes blurred (Seri). Police Discretion: Is it needed? As stated earlier, the police cannot be asked to enforce all the statutes and laws that have been enacted for the peoples protection and exercise of their rights (Austin). But in this context, can we accuse the police establishment of shirking off its duty to enforce the law since they can just apply their discretionary prerogatives in deciding who gets free and who gets hit by the book? Duty is the accountability that ones responsibilities will be discharged commensurate to the position; discretion is when that person can choose between options in the performance of that duty (Austin). If the performance of that duty of the police is tainted with other factors, that is when discrimination sets in the decision making of the police (Austin). Some opponents of the practice of police discretion aver that the police must enforce and decide the culpability of the suspects strictly by the dictates of the law (Milan Pagon, 2003). Thus, if the practice is solely dictated by the ambit of the law, then the practicality of police discretion would cease (Pagon, 2003). But the concept is hardly of any use once applied to a field setting (Pagon, 2003). The balance must be struck wherein the force of the law is applied and the eventuality that the person is subjected to cruel treatment (Pagon, 2003). References Austin Peay State University. (n.d.). Topics in police ethics. Retrieved November 7, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/3300/3300lect04.htm Gleason, T. (2006, November). Ethics training for police. The Police Chief   Volume 73,    number 11 Kleinig, J. (1996). The Ethics of Policing.   Cambridge, Engalnd: Cambridge University Press Miller, S., Blackler, J. Alexandra, A. (2006). Police Ethics. Australia: Allen Unwin 2006. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. (n.d.). NCJRS abstract. Retrieved November 7.

Rape Of Nanking Essays - Nanking Massacre, The Rape Of Nanking

Rape Of Nanking Chapter One The main point in chapter one was to give us a history of the Japanese people, and to rationalize why the Japanese army went to such extremes in Nanking. She uses examples of training rituals used by the Japanese army like extreme teaching procedures and terrible school conditions in Japan. I don't think she was trying to make an excuse for the Japanese army but she wanted to site a possible reason for the abuse. She talks about Japanese history and gives us lots of background on the Japanese people before the horrifying occurrence in Nanking. The audience she has tried to communicate to is the intellectual western society who has possibly not heard or knows little about the Nanking massacre. The purpose of the essays is to educate and make aware of the atrocities here in this area of China. To tell, it seemed to me, is an important part of educating people to what the human species is capable of doing in extreme circumstances. Her tone seems to be one of sympathy to what the Japanese people had to go through before the war between China and Japan. This chapter has done a good job on giving the reader history and background of the country and the people in Japan. Chapter Two Iris Chang in this chapter details issues that were critical to the rape of Nanking. The Race to Nanking detailed the Japanese strategy to take Nanking from the Chinese. Killing the prisoners of war detailed the orders to kill all the prisoners because of food concerns and rebellion. The Murder of Civilians detailed why the civilians were killed because of a lack of protection from the soldiers of the Chinese army. The Japanese Journalists told us that the Japanese journalists were horrified about what was going on in Nanking. The Rape of Nanking told of the plight of the women in the Chinese capital. This section told of rapes and atrocities inflicted on the Chinese women, no matter how young or old they could not escape these atrocities. The arrival of Matsui Iwane was the section where the leader of the Japanese army came to inspect Nanking and to make sure the soldiers were doing well. The rapes and atrocities subsided, when he found what was going on he was angry and he even cri ticized the emperor's son-in-law, which in Japanese culture was unheard of. She wrote the chapter this way because it is a chronological order of the way things happened in Nanking. It makes sense because it separates the different events that happened in a certain length of time. Chapter Three The Fall of Nanking is a chronological narrative of the defeat of the Chinese army in Nanking. It details the four-day ordeal and makes us realize what it was like to live there in the time of the fall. The first thing we ask is why the Chinese army fell from power so easily, we realize that when the leaders left the people lost all hope for Nanking. Rape and torture seemed easy to the Japanese because they could be victimized so easily. Chapter Four Six Weeks of Horror as a descriptive and horrifying chapter which takes us to be the witnesses in the, rape, torture, killing contests, and death toll. The description of rape in this chapter is very detailed, but it serves a purpose to take us to be a witness for people who have no witnesses. Most people have a hard time reading this chapter but I've found it very disturbing how people could do that to other people. She excelled in this chapter to make witnesses of us all. Chapter Five In every horrendous situation there are heroes. This chapter talks about the heroes in the Nanking safety zone. There were twenty-four in total and everyone had a difficult story to tell. Men and women alike had to suffer various forms of physical and mental exhaustion. Doctors took care of the sick; politicians took care of many refugees. The most prominent politician in Nanking at the time was a man called Rabe. He was a Nazi but was very respected in Nanking. He initiated the start of the safety zone and many people's lives were saved because of him.

Psychology Essay Essays - Sexual Reproduction, Biology, Free Essays

Psychology Essay Essays - Sexual Reproduction, Biology, Free Essays Psychology Essay Cam Widergren 09/13/2018 Professor Westra I agree with the claim that males compete for fertile females and try to maximize passing on genes while females shop for males with the best genes. In my experience, males tend to rather try and " reproduce" rather then find a mate like females do. Females want the more attractive and complete mate rather than settling down with someone who is not up to the same level of attractiveness as them. Males on the other hand will try to reproduce because of past evolutionary adaptations with almost any women willing to. Males tend to just want a mate to reproduce while females want more than just a partner for reproduction. With males just wanting to reproduce it becomes harder for them to always find the more attractive genes because females tend to wanting a relationship. Females tend to shop for the best genes also because they believe that because of their good genes any guy would want them so it's easy to pick and choose your mate. In the past few decades most couples are where the female has the best genes. This is due to the fact that since females believe that they always have the best traits they feel the need to try and reproduce with males who only have the best genes. While I agree that males try maximize passing on genes while females tend to shop for males with the best genes but it also could be the other way around. Males tend to try and simply reproduce rather then have a relationship but a lot of men are picky with the females they want to reproduce with. Females once they see a man with genes that are only better then them they want to reproduce. You could make the claim that females are more promiscuous than males because once they find a male with better genes they want to reproduce.

Applications of the Human-AI Collaboration in Manufacturing

Applications of the Human-AI Collaboration in Manufacturing The world witnessed an unprecedented spectacle in the beginning of 2018. The Google Assistant had booked an appointment at a salon on the user’s behalf. This showcased the immense potential and scope of the technology we are looking at. Artificial Intelligence has always been portrayed as a technology which can be nurtured to make redundant human activities faster and more effective. However, the flip side of the coin suggests that there is a growing apprehension among the masses that it may eat up into their jobs and probably even be harmful in the long run. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? As per the book, â€Å"Artificial Intelligence: A modern approach†, by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence(AI) refers to computer systems that think and act like humans, and think and act rationally. The concept was first introduced, in 1960, into the manufacturing industry by General Motors to ensure workplace safety through the development of Unimate Robot. Scope for collaboration of AI with Humans Manufacturing is a capital intensive business and this had led to companies searching for cheap labor. In the wake of increasing wages and high demand for products as a result of high disposable income, it is imperative that AI is introduced into the system to facilitate increased productivity and thereby address the present requirement. Artificial Intelligence works pretty well on its own and is known to increase productivity when applied in industries. But, research data proves that the use of AI as a replacement to redundant human activities can only help i n achieving a short-term productivity rise. Its ability to adapt continuously to varying tasks is something to be pondered upon. A collaborative environment where, both humans and AI combine, can prove to be more productive and lead to better results as opposed to individual involvement. Creativity is a domain where humans take lead and outperform machines, and machines have the ability to process large amount of data. Hence, it is essential that a combined effort be employed. In order to harness this potential, there must be a system where machines are taught adequately and the industrial process must be designed to integrate this partnership into it. Applications of the Human-AI Collaboration in Manufacturing General Electric has developed a new technology, called, Predix, which involves Human-AI collaboration. This technology can be employed in the predictive maintenance of equipment. Digital models of the equipment may be developed and continuous data is retrieved during its operation. This data is analyzed to predict mechanical issues that may arise out of continuous operation. Consequently, the downtime of the equipment, due to breakdown, may be reduced which translates to increased productivity. Mercedes had developed a robot to assist its employees in the production line. There was an increase in demand of customized S-Class sedans and Mercedes was not able to keep up with it, using normal robots. Hence, they developed a robot with a human touch, called Cobots so as to assist the human workforce in manual labor and simultaneously incorporate the customization required. The worker controls the operations but the task is performed by the robot. Role of Humans in the collaboration Humans play a pivotal role in training AI-enabled systems on how to go about its work. Machine-learning algorithms must be trained in a way to bring about the desired result in a desired manner. Moreover, machines must also be trained to interact with humans so as to maintain a sustainable balance while working to increasing the productivity. AI assistants are now being trained to incorporate human characteristics so that a better workplace is ensured. Another task that humans would perform is to explain the process by which the machine arrived at its action. The complex processing in the back-end needs to be explained in simple terms to people who work with the machines. Humans are also bound to explain the cause behind a fatality or accident caused by AI assisted machines. Humans must also ensure that the AI assisted machines are functioning normally and safely. Abnormal breakdowns can occur and this may lead to huge losses. Human intervention in such scenarios helps to take prompt decisions and ensures sustainable and smooth running of the process. Engineers also ensure that machines identify human presence and don’t cause harm to them. Road Map for India India is the sixth largest economy and is one of the fastest growing. Application of AI is essential for the future. The government has supported many new innovations in this field and new startups are coming up. In the latest Budget 2018, Niti Aayog has proposed a National Program on Artificial Intelligence for national development with a positive outlook on manufacturing sector. This would help in utilizing the emerging scientific talent in India and come up with new innovations. Productivity and downtime is the major issue in Indian manufacturing sector and AI collaboration is the right step forward. New startups and foreign investments have started coming up and the future is certainly looking bright. The stage is set for AI to take over manufacturing industry and transform the way it functions. It requires a subtle balance of both human and machine participation to effectively achieve the objective of streamlined and effective manufacturing. Humans should indeed be receptive of this technology rather than being apprehensive, because the advent of this technology will open the door for a large number of opportunities. It is upon us to grab this opportunity by acquiring the required skills and blending into the digital world. This was the same when smartphones and other devices were developed and this should be the way ahead. There might be an imminent danger to humans, in a scenario where machines turn out to be more intelligent than humans. But, this idea seems to be a little far-fetched considering the present situation.

Sex Addiction Among Teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sex Addiction Among Teenagers - Essay Example indicated that they had been sexually abused, and 72% said that they were physically abused as children3. Families with fixed and repressed attitudes about sex, or families mired and/or dissociated are susceptible to producing sex addicts. Often these addictions have a component in general, in which the addict is satisfying the frustrated or repressed sexual desires of a sexual abuser (during early childhood), of a parent or of another ancestor. Signs of Sexual Addiction As with any addiction or compulsive behavior like alcoholism or drug addiction, there are warning signs for sex addiction too. The following includes many of the warning signs that are visible in teenagers dealing with sexual addiction4: Frequently telling sexual jokes or making sexual comments or innuendos Engaging in sexual activity-especially with several partners Spending considerable time in activities that could lead to sexual activity such as cruising for potential partners or spending hours online in chat rooms trying to hook up with others Visiting pornographic websites or looking at pornographic magazines, books, or videos Neglecting obligations such as work, school, or family in pursuit of sexual activity Continuing to engage in illicit sexual behavior despite the negative consequences related to such activities Escalating the scope or frequency of sexual activity to achieve a desired effect, such as more frequent visits to Web sites or sex with more partners Frequently isolating themselves from parents and friends and not informing others of their whereabouts Getting angry if someone shows concern or questions them about sex or their use of pornography Feeling irritable when unable to engage...According to the fact sheet, Marketing Sex to Children6, released by Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood7, there is a massive bombardment of sexual content and messages upon children: Setting aside TV, movies, and music, which may be controlled to a large extent, one most important and probably the biggest source of sexual content, which lies uninhibited, is the Internet. It caters to teenagers' desires by providing endless information on sex as well as a constant supply of people willing to discuss sex. With their identities remaining unknown, teens find it safer to search for information on sex. Links to porn content comes to them automatically through porn spam on their e-mail inbox or by being compelled to click on a link to a porn site. These sites conjure up a highly twisted image of normal relationships before their immature minds. In fact, pornography is directly related to sexual abuse, rape, and sexual violence. Excessive exposure to "hard-core" pornography tends to desensitize teens to "soft" porn and taking recourse to highly compromising images of bondage, rape, sadomasochism, torture, group sex and violence. AGI, Teenage pregnancy: overall trends and state-by-state information, New York: AGI, 1999, Table 1; and Henshaw SK, U.S. Teenage pregnancy statistics with comparative statistics for women aged 20- 24, New York: AGI, 1999, p. 5.

Conflict Management and Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Conflict Management and Negotiation - Essay Example Conflict Management is all about how to manage conflicts at work. It looks into what is conflict, individual perception and approach to grevieance communication, and then tries to identify joint problem solving leading to mutually beneficial and amicable conflict resolutions. A Conflict Management System does more than just merely reacting to conflict. Rather, it is a carefully customized system, suiting the needs and requirements of the respective organisation that is developed through the amalgamation of existing and new resources or policies to establish an integrated system for resolving conflict. Today when business markets are becoming more and more competitive and dynamic in nature it is important for an organization to create a congenial environment within the workplace to retain their Human Capital (Internal) and at the same time create a perpetual bonding with their Suppliers or Vendors (External). Rights-based process 3 is a Traditional Conflict Management Process which focuses on an individual's claims and the facts that support these claims. It is a formal way of resolving conflicts, which may involve assessing whether or not an employee's rights have been infringed upon. The process comes into picture when a legal or contractual right has been violated. The solution is one sided or gives the decision in favor of one of the conflicting parties which often leaves the other party offended. Interest Based Process is a Collaborative Method of Conflict Management which instead of focusing on the surface of the problems tries to identify the root cause of a problem aroused. Instead of focusing on the Position of Conflicting individuals it concentrates on the needs, desires and interests of the members (e.g. need of better working environment). It is a more cooperative approach to problem solving and conflict management which tries to create a Win-Win Situation for both the partie s, unlike the Traditional approach, instead of bringing out a winner and giving out decision in favors of one side. Evolution of Integrated Conflict Management System Traditionally organizations have been following Power Based or Right Based Process for conflict resolution and hence have been more close systems. However in present era when organizations are becoming more organic and open the implementation of Interest based or ADR4 techniques or methods for conflict management are becoming the prudent choice. Interest based or ADR methods instead of finding out a winner or giving out decision in favor of one party concentrates to establish a Win-Win situation for both the parties involved and thus seeks to establish a harmonious mutually beneficial conflict resolution. In an Integrated Confli

Traditional Housewife Essay Example for Free

Traditional Housewife Essay The power of the woman comes from her spontaneity, presence and being who she is? She has been the tower of strength, patience and perseverance. History of nations worldwide is the proof of her significant role. She has been viewed as the nurturer, nurse and caregiver. Her image is the personification of love and tolerance. She creates, she gives and she embraces her family members unconditionally. She takes care of her home, her children and her family. She is there, always ready to serve and care. She cooks, cleans and procures supplies for everyday living. This pillar of strength is the traditional housewife, who has faded into background of modern day needs, emerging technology and growing industrialization. Until industrial revolution of nineteenth century, most mothers in Europe and America not only stayed home to tend their children and house, they also worked side by side with their husbands to make financial contribution to the family. There was division of labor based on childbearing and strength, but without women, the crops would not have been harvested, food would not have been stored for winter months and people would not have had clothes to wear. The success of economy rested on the capable shoulder of the women. She fulfilled her role not out of necessity, but out of long, â€Å"real† tradition and great skill. (Byington, 2001) The power which women had as traditional housewife came from her valued contribution to household. With advent of industrialization and modern age technological evolution, the need for this traditional housewife got submerged. The priorities changed, expectations grew and her role was not valued any more. She was thrust into the background of anonymity. She had to emerge as the savior of the household in a new role. She emerged as a working woman of 21st century, walking side by side with men, braving the role of care provider on her capable shoulders. References Byington, Jill. Whats a Traditional Mom, Anyway?. Look Smart. Find Articles. 2001. 16 Feb 2007 findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IUK/is_2001_Summer/ai_78177298. (Byington,2001)

Native American Religion Essay -- Native American Culture

When Europeans first set foot upon the shores of what is now the United States they brought with them a social structure which was fundamentally based around their concept and understanding of Western European Christianity. That the indigenous peoples might already have a thriving civilization, including religious beliefs and practices, that closely paralleled the beliefs and practices of European civilization, was a concept not considered by these early explorers and settlers. This European lack of cultural understanding created tensions, between Native Americans and Europeans, and later between Native Americans and Euro-Americans, that eventually erupted into open warfare and resulted in great bloodshed between cultures. For the Lakota peoples of North America, cultural misunderstanding culminated with Euro-American misinterpretation of the purpose of the Native American Ghost Dance with its related religious beliefs and the massacre of peaceful Native American Lakota people as th ey were attempting to flee to the safety of the Agency at Pine Ridge Reservation near Wounded Knee Creek in what is now the state of South Dakota. When contact was made with indigenous peoples, Europeans discovered that the languages of the indigenous peoples did not include words for religion or for God as Europeans understood these concepts. These Europeans considered themselves a civilized and pious people who lived according to the ways and teachings of the Christian Bible and believed that this was the only proper and correct code of conduct. Believing that the lack of Native American words to identify and describe God and religion meant that these concepts did not exist within the culture and society of the indigenous peoples, the European... ...itor footnote number 8, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elk’s Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Editor footnote number 9, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elk’s Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Editor footnote number 9, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elk’s Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008), 306. Ibid., 310. Ibid., 313. Ibid., 340. Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008), 312. Gregory E. Smoak, ghost dances and identity, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 154. Ibid., 114. Ibid., 120. Ibid., 114.

Becoming A Certified Public Accountant Essay

A music star, an actor, a firefighter, doctor, or even President of the United States, vocations most children dream of. I was one of the â€Å"other† children who had dreams of jobs that weren’t as glamorous. One day we’ll see the â€Å"other† children excel as president of a Fortune 500 company, or in my case, managing the company’s finances, which really seems to serve as the basis for any business. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss several reasons and statistics, which I feel prompted the want for me to attain the extent of my aspiration to become a Certified Public Accountant. Accounting is classified as the bookkeeping methods involved in making a financial record of business transaction and in the preparation of statements concerning the assets, liabilities, and operating results of a business. A career in the profession of a Certified Public Accountant offers you the skills you need to be successful in a wide variety of businesses and disciplines. CPAs gain financial knowledge and analytical skill that are sought after by companies of all sizes and in every industry. The work of a CPA interests me because their work never ends, and they are constantly confronted with the chance to accrue new skills and feign ways to better the accounting process. Although accounting is a tedious job and often requires an extreme number of working hours throughout the week, I believe that with the proper training, and more hands-on learning, I will be able to face the world and change my processes to stay ahead of the times. â€Å"Accountants need a general business outlook on the economy and must communicate to management how to make tomorrow better than today† (Khan). Opportunities for the accountant’s career are countless and I wish to be one of the counted. Last summer, I was fortunate enough to enjoy the selection of myself among a choice few for an internship at Robert Half International Incorporated. Throughout the duration of my internship I participated in the preparation of many financial statements for some of today’s top businesses, one in particular, Boddie-Noell Enterprises, which is often referred to as Hardee’s. This experience increased my yearning to become a CPA. As I worked alongside the accounting elite for several months, I realized that being an  accountant, whether it be glamorous or not, was what I was destined to become. Upon completion of the necessary requirements for graduation, I will receive my diploma on June 10th of the current year. When I venture to Old Dominion University in the fall, I will seek the career that will allow me to make a difference in the business world and offer an attractive salary. Double Majoring in Accounting and Finance with a minor in Business Administration will provide necessary elements associated with accounting, so that I may be successful in my future endeavor. The CPA profession also offers competitive entry-level salaries and significant long-term growth potential. I aspire to master the rudiments of accounting, which will allow me to pursue my dream of becoming a Certified Public Accountant. Works Cited Kahn, Taskean. Hear From the Experts. 2004. http://www.nextgenaccountant.com/research 18 March 2004.

Addressing the Ill Effects of the Five Paragraph Theme

A student has an Idea; a great, huge, expansive Idea. She wants to write about It, so she turns to the only way she knows how to write. The Five Paragraph Theme. In all of her years of school, she has been led to believe that it is the only good way to write an essay. In the process of writing her essay and forcing all of her ideas into three main topics, she loses a great deal of the important information she had previously planned to write about.But that's okay, she thinks, because at least her writing is well organized and written in an â€Å"acceptable† way, right? Wrong! All their lives, students have been manipulated into believing that five paragraphs in an essay is the only way to go. In reality however, according to Mrs.. Kimberly Wesley, an English teacher at Berkeley Preparatory School, Tampa, Florida, becoming complacent with only being able to write In one format â€Å"stunts the growth of human minds† (57). The FTP was meant to help students with their wri ting and organizational skills after they mastered the art of writing In Itself.Instead, what's been happening Is that teachers eve become satisfied with staying on the edge of the status quo, and have fallen back on using the simply structured â€Å"national phenomenon† FTP as their main teaching method to teach their students how to write efficiently. To create an easy grading system and keep organized order in the class so students think they know what they're doing, they have forced the belief on the children that the FTP is the only way they will ever, and should ever write essays.I myself remember on separate occasions in Junior high when I would receive less than satisfactory grades mainly cause I didn't stick expressly to the FTP. With time, I conformed to the idea, as all of my classmates with me and before me had. Now, In high school, learning that It's not the only way to write, and that it's actually desired to write In a different format, comes as a challenge as well as a relief to me.Along with so many others, I had unwittingly fallen prey to the complacence that came with the belief that I had learned all that my teachers wanted from me, and that besides more complicated topics, not much more would ever be expected of me. Changing the way I've been rating for years will not be impossible, but it will be an uphill road. If a teacher does not challenge a student, they will not ever reach their full potential.When students believe they must stay strictly within their guidelines for their essays, they â€Å"carry seeds of critical thought that are never allowed to grow,† says Wesley (58). Instead they focus mainly on clearly summarizing the effects of whatever they were sent to write about, and not revealing much, or any opinion of their own, as it â€Å"didn't fit within the neat prescribed formula of their thesis† (58). As a result, many essays that ad the potential for great Insight were cut and pruned until only the most bas ic bones remained.In other words, Instead of using It to create an Interesting, more thought provoking essay, students channel all of their energy Into keeping wealth the confines of three neatly connected ideas. Rather than endlessly revolving in this dry, staring them right in the face. They don't need to stick to five paragraphs. Especially when they have topics that are extremely complicated and must fit into, for example six to seven pages. The thought of using only three ideas and five paragraphs to write six to seven page paper seems absolutely ridiculous when one really ponders the notion.What Wesley introduces is that while there must be an introduction, body, and conclusion, there is no set rule that says there must only be one paragraph for each the introduction and conclusion, and only three paragraphs that explain three ideas. As long as you have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, you can use as many paragraphs and ideas as you like! Wesley calls this the †Å"Rhetorical Process. † A symbiotic relationship is when two organisms share or feed after another in order to main. Take for example, the relationship between feeder shrimp and sharks.Feeder shrimp eat the organisms and plants that get caught in sharks' gills. By them doing so, the shark is able to breathe efficiently, and the shrimp get nutrients that allow them to live and grow. The student and teacher have a similar symbiotic relationship. When the student works harder for the teacher, the teacher works harder for the student, and in doing so, they are both able to grow. The student responds to a teacher's encouragement, and in return, the teacher responds to a student's enthusiasm.When that occurs, the student grows as an independent writer, and the teacher is allowed to accomplish their Job more fully. When teachers go beyond the minimum requirement and revoke the easy, cookie cutter way of teaching that turns out cookie cutter students to pass on to the next grade, but instead build on students strengths, work on strengthening their weaknesses, and teach each student according to their individual potential, they remove the boundaries on the students' learning, and set them free.One way of proposing this change in organizing ideas is o show students different styles of writing, from different time periods and from people of all ages and backgrounds, to show them that there really are many different ways to write. Wesley believes that when students are asked to â€Å"reflect on what format best enables them to voice their concerns and meets the needs of their audience† (60), they are encouraged to become communicators, which will help them immensely out in the real world. Coming from a student's point of view, I agree wholeheartedly.

Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions By Maeve Maddox When I received not one, but three emails telling me that I’d punctuated a sentence with because incorrectly, I decided I’d better write a post about adverbial clauses of reason. Here’s the example that drew the criticism: Incorrect: The famous author lives in a small town, because she doesn’t like the noise of a big city. †¨ Correct : The famous author lives in a small town because she doesn’t like the noise of a big city. Here are the objections I received: 1. Number five conflicts with my 11th grade English teachers rule.  Separate the two halves of a compound sentence with a comma.  Was she wrong? 2. I disagree with #5.  Two independent clauses should be separated by a comma.She doesnt like the noise of the big city. is an independent clause. Remove the word because and you have two sentences that can stand alone. 3. ERROR.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"she doesn’t like the noise of a big city† is also an independent clause, and the comma is required.  This is a compound sentence with â€Å"because† joining two independent clauses. The readers are perfectly correct about the rule for punctuating a compound sentence. Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction are separated by a comma: Polio would have stopped a lesser man, but Franklin was determined to follow his cousin into the White House. The conjunctions used to join independent clauses in compound sentences are coordinating conjunctions. The most common coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. A coordinating conjunction used to join clauses has only one function: it joins clauses of equal importance. Removing the conjunction between two independent clauses will leave two simple sentences whose meanings remain unchanged. They can stand alone as complete sentences. A subordinating conjunction, on the other hand, has two functions: it joins, and it shows a relationship between the clauses that it joins. Removing a subordinating conjunction defeats the purpose for which it exists. The subordinating conjunction because is used to introduce an adverbial clause of cause or reason. The fact that the author doesn’t like the noise of the big city explains why she lives in a small town. Adverbial clauses of reason are also introduced by the subordinating conjunctions since, as long as, as, inasmuch as, insofar as, and due to the fact that. Reminder: When the adverbial clause comes first in the sentence, it is followed by a comma. When the adverbial clause comes after the independent clause, there is (usually) no need for a comma. For example: Since you asked nicely, you may go to the library on Saturday. You may go to the library on Saturday since you asked nicely. Modern business style tends to reject lengthy conjunctions like inasmuch as and due to the fact that. Because, as, and since are the least wordy choices. Some speakers object to using since to introduce a clause of reason because since is also used to introduce clauses of time. Ordinary attentiveness to revision ought to be sufficient to avoid ambiguity with since. Here’s what The Chicago Manual of Style has to say about the objection to causal since: [Since] may relate either to time or to causation. Some writers erroneously believe that the word relates exclusively to time. But the causal since was a part of the English language before Chaucer wrote in the fourteenth century, and it is useful as a slightly milder way of expressing causation than because. But where there is any possibility of confusion with the temporal sense, use because. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)55 "House" Idioms

Treaty on European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treaty on European Union - Essay Example The main objective of the European Union was to promote peace among the European states, promote economic and social progress, achieve . Furthermore, the European Union served to promote free trade among its member states without any form of trade barriers imposed. The European Union was developed after the world war two to try to bring an end to the constant wars between the neighbouring countries. The European Union was mostly formed for economical reasons. All the nations that became members of the union were expected to adhere to the rules pertaining to the operation of the trade markets among the member states. This is necessary in maintaining unity and peace among the states, which choose to trade with each other. Furthermore, the European Union was formed with the aim of bringing the people of the European nation and its borders closer and further allowing the free movement of people and gods across its member states. The Treaty of Maastricht, which is what was later developed to form the European Union, had five main objectives mainly aimed at unifying Europe (Baun 16). These included creating a security policy for nations that chose to participate, to establish financial and economical union, to improve the economic efficiency of the member states, to reinforce demographic governing of its member states and to develop the â€Å"community social dimension†. In order to ensure that all these goals were achieved, the set of policies contained in the treaty ranged from education, youth and industry. At the end of world war two and cold war period, Europe was paved by disaster and extreme poverty. The level of industrial production was very low, which saw many of the citizens unemployed and homeless. The war did not only affect Europe but other states as well. For instance, Germany had 25 per cent of its urban housing destroyed. In addition, the

Comparative Analysis of Empolyee's Job Satisfaction in Pakistani Banks Essay

Comparative Analysis of Empolyee's Job Satisfaction in Pakistani Banks - Essay Example This paper endeavors to find out the level of employees job satisfaction among three of the Pakistans top commercial banks by conducting the research survey and performing statistical techniques to judge the correlation and level of significance for the factor. Work has also been done to find out those factors which are resulting in satisfaction or dissatisfaction among the employees. Employees satisfaction has become one of the important fundamental rules to become successful in this highly competitive business environment for any organization. In a country like Pakistan, there is special need to identify the level of employees job satisfaction especially in growing sector of banking. Three leading commercial banks with different branches have been chosen for the research survey of employees satisfaction. For the purpose of this research, 100 respondents were randomly selected from different branches of banks in Lahore. Overall, the results have been found positive as far as job satisfaction among the employees is concerned. Most of the employees are satisfied working for these banks, satisfied with attitude of management, satisfied with their supervisors etc. Salary packages and other benefits are the factors in which employees are dissatisfied. This dissertation also contains the comparative analysis of employees job satisfaction among those banks. The different aspect of this dissertation is that this kind of research has never been conducted before related with these domestic banks in Pakistan. The following dissertation outlines the literature review, aims, methodology, empirical research analysis and finally containing the conclusion and some useful recommendation. In this chapter, a general description of the background of our field of study and the developments taking place in the field, followed by the problems will be discussed. Then, we will explain the aims and objectives of the dissertation. The business world has changed and